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Search results for: Keyword: HZB own research

$A green laser pulse initially excites the electrons in the Cu2O; just fractions of a second later, a second laser pulse (UV light) probes the energy of the excited electron.$

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Copper oxide photocathodes: laser experiment reveals location of efficiency...

Tomography of a lithium electrode in its initial condition.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

3D tomographic imagery reveals how lithium batteries age

By co-evaporation of cesium iodide and lead iodide thin layers of CsPbI3 can be produced even at moderate temperatures. An excess of cesium leads to stable perovskite phases.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Inorganic perovskite absorbers for use in thin-film solar cells

SnSe is a highly layered orthorhombic structure. SnSe undergoes a phase transition of second order at 500°C with an increase of the crystal symmetry from space group Pnma (left) to Cmcm (right).

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

High-efficiency thermoelectric materials: new insights into tin selenide

The enzyme MHETase is a huge and complex molecule. MHET-molecules from PET plastic dock at the active site inside the MHETase and are broken down into their basic building blocks.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

"Molecular scissors" for plastic waste

The SEM shows Molybdenum sulfide deposited at room temperature.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Catalyst research for solar fuels: Amorphous molybdenum sulphide works best

At the end of his contribution, Phillippe Wernet makes a great arch from the past (Opticae Thesaurus, 1572) of research with light to the future.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

HZB contributions to special edition on Ultrafast Dynamics with X-ray Metho...

Schematic view of carbon structures with pores.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

X-ray analysis of carbon nanostructures helps material design

Water molecules are excited with X-ray light (blue). From the emitted light (purple) information on H-bonds can be obtained.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Water is more homogeneous than expected

The cones represents the magnetization of the nanoparticles. In the absence of electric field (strain-free state) the size and separation between particles leads to a random orientation of their magnetization, known as superparamagnetism

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Spintronics by “straintronics”: Superferromagnetism with electric-field ind...

An extremely thin layer between CIGSe and Perovskite improves the efficiency of the tandemcell.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Ultra-thin and extremely efficient: Thin-film tandem cells made of perovski...

Neutrons (red arrows) detect the presence of Lithium ions which have migrated into the silicon anode.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Batteries with silicon anodes: Neutron experiments show how formation of su...

The model refers to a cubic crystal structure (pyrochlore lattice). Not only were magnetic interactions between the nearest neighbours included, but also with the next nearest neighbours (see drawing).

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

New insights into magnetic quantum effects in solids

The atmosphere can be compared to a bathtub that can only be filled to its rim if global warming is to be limited to a certain level. We could create another small outward flow with negative emissions. However, there is no way around turning off the tap.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Climate change: How could artificial photosynthesis contribute to limiting ...

Photocathode in superconducting photoinjector system.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Milestone for bERLinPro: photocathodes with high quantum efficiency

The molecule organises itself on the electrode surface until a dense, uniform monolayer is formed.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Molecules that self-assemble into monolayers for efficient perovskite solar...

The illustration shows a molecule with an iron atom at its centre, bound to 4 CN groups and a bipyridine molecule. The highest occupied iron orbital is shown as a green-red cloud. As soon as a cyan group is present, the outer iron orbitals are observed to delocalize so that electrons are also densely present around the nitrogen atoms.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Transition metal complexes: mixed works better

The SEM image shows the cross-section of a silicon perovskite tandem solar cell.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

New records in perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells through improved light...

The data show that In the case of the two-layer graphene, a flat part of bandstructure only 200 milli-electron volts below the Fermi energy.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Graphene on the way to superconductivity

Andriy Zakutayev (NREL), member of the jury, has awarded Fredrike Lehmann for her poster at ICTMC-21 in Boulder, Colorado, USA.

NEWS

Poster award to HZB doctoral student

Doped Diamond Foam.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Nanodiamonds as photocatalysts

The STM image shows blue phosphorus on a gold substrate. The calculated atomic positions of the slightly elevated P atoms are shown in blue, the lower lying ones in white. Groups of six elevated P atoms appear as triangles.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Blue phosphorus - mapped and measured for the first time

Principle of a silicon singlet fission solar cell with incorporated organic crystalls

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

HZB researchers boost the efficiency of silicon solar cells

Shown are the magnetic fluxlines inside a superconducting sample of lead in two different directions. The scale bar is 5 mm.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Neutrons scan magnetic fields inside samples

The computer simulation shows how the electromagnetic field is distributed in the silicon layer with hole pattern after excitation with a laser. Here, stripes with local field maxima are formed, so that quantum dots shine particularly strongly. Picture. C. Barth/HZB

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Machine learning helps improving photonic applications

$The laser pulse (red) generates heat in the thin-film system. The physical mechanisms by which the heat is distributed can be analysed by temporally resolved X-ray diffraction experiments.$

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Future information technologies: nanoscale heat transport under the microsc...

Granules of aluminium (grey) become a metallic foam when heated.The tompgraphies document the evolution of pores with time.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

World record: Fastest 3D tomographic images at BESSY II

The analysed perovskite cell has a surface of 1 cm2. Credit. Uni Potsdam

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Insight into loss processes in perovskite solar cells enables efficiency im...

Manganese compounds also play a role as catalysts in photosynthesis.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Insight into catalysis through novel study of X-ray absorption spectroscopy...

Fossils like this 250 million year old skull of a lystrosaurus can be examined very carefully by neutron tomography.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Neutron tomography: Insights into the interior of teeth, root balls, batter...

The picture shows the typical arrangement of cations in a kesterite type structure. In the background the crystal structure is shown, a unit cell is highlighted.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Kesterite solar cells: germanium promises better opto-electronic properties...

PCN nanolayers under sunlight can split water.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Solar–to-hydrogen conversion: nanostructuring increases efficiency of metal...

The GaAs nanocrystal has been deposited on top of a silicon germanium needle, as shown by this SEM-image. The rhombic facets have been colored artificially.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Luminescent nano-architectures of gallium arsenide

Pencil, paper and co-polymer varnish are sufficient for a thermoelectrical device.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Hidden talents: Converting heat into electricity with pencil and paper

Electrons with differing energies are emitted along various crystal axes in the interior of the sample as well as from the surface. These can be measured with the angular-resolved photoemission station (ARPES) at BESSY II. Left image shows the sample temperature at 25 K, right at only 1 K. The energy distribution of the conducting and valence band electrons can be derived from these data. The surface remains conductive at very low temperature (1 K).

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

40-year controversy in solid-state physics resolved

Simplified cross-section of a perovskite solar cell: the perovskite layer does not cover the entire surface, but instead exhibits holes. The scientists could show that a protective layer is being built up which prevents short circuits.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Perovskite solar cells: perfection not required!

A short laser pulse pertubates magnetic order in dysprosium. This happens much faster if the sample had a antiferromagnetic order (left) compared to ferromagnetic order (right).

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Future IT: Antiferromagnetic dysprosium reveals magnetic switching with les...

The Bismut doping is enhanced from 0% (left) to 2.2% (right). Measurements at BESSY II show that this leads to increased bandgaps.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Missing link between new topological phases of matter discovered

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy shows the regular corrugation pattern of graphene over clusters of gold.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

The miracle material graphene: convex as a chesterfield

Scanning electron micrographs show a 10-micron planar deposition. The constituting silver crystals are about 100 nanometres in size.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Writing with the electron beam: now in silver

This optical zone melting furnace is producing large single crystals.

NEWS

New at Campus Wannsee: CoreLab Quantum Materials

NEWS

New lab for electrochemical interfaces at BESSY II

The porous structure of the nanoparticles is visible under the electron microscope. adfm.201701176

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Better cathode materials for Lithium-Sulphur-Batteries

The experimental data show, how a light pulse dissociates a hydrogen nucleus from the nitrogen atom without destroying important bonds within the molecule.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Proton transfer: Researcher find mecanism to protect biomolecules against l...

Nanostructures trap the light, shows this illustration on the cover in Advanced Optical Materials.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

How to increase efficiencies of ultrathin CIGSe solar cells

PFIA-molecules self-orient with their hydrophobic backbones outside (black lines) and their hydrophilic side-chains inside, in order to form nanometer sized water channels. Each side-chain possesses two docking points (red and yellow circles) for hydrogen ions (H+). These are acidic groups, shown in the magnifying glass.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Fuel cells with PFIA-membranes:

The new Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory (EMIL) offers direct access to hard and soft synchrotron x-ray radiation to investigate the chemical and electronic properties of catalysts and other energy materials.

NEWS

Research for Germany’s energy transition: EMIL@BESSY II approved for the Ko...

The x-ray reflectitivityof the Mo/Si multilayer mirror is changed via a time delayed laserpulse.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Methods at BESSY II: Versatile cross-correlator for ultrafast X-ray experim...

A pump pulse promotes the molecule's electrons to an excited state and with probe pulses the binding energy of the excited electrons can be measured. However, pump-probe laser experiments are only feasible under ultra-high vacuum.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Methodology advance at HZB: ionic liquids simplify laser experiments on liq...

X-PEEM images show the orientation of magnetic domains in the permalloy film overlaid on the superconducting dot (dashed square) before (left image) and after the write process (right image). In this sample the domains (arrows, right image) are reorientied in a monopole pattern.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Future Information Technologies: New combinations of materials for producin...

$SEM – model of a metallic nano-network with periodic arrangement ( left) and visual representation of a fractal pattern (right).$

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Nanotechnology for energy materials: Electrodes like leaf veins

More than 100 experts did gather at the international conference "Dynamic Pathways in Multidimensional Landscapes", which was held in September in Berlin.

NEWS

VI-Conference "Dynamic Pathways in Multidimensional Landscapes 2016"

Lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte (yellow) into the layer of crystalline silicon (c-Si). During the charging cycle, a 20-nm layer (red) develops on the silicon electrode adsorbing extreme quantities of lithium atoms.

NEWS

Silicon thin fims in Lithium-Ion-Batteries: Charging observed with neutron ...

Fabian Weber (right) is investigating the dynamics of electron processes within graphene-oxide quantum dots as a member of the team headed by Dr. Annika Bande (left). Quantum dots like these as catalysts could help make solar water splitting more efficient. Using Weber’s theoretical model, a much greater amount of information can be obtained from the empirical data gathered by the group headed by Dr. Tristan Petit.

NEWS

Two Freigeist Fellows interweave their research at HZB

A section from the crystal lattice of Calcium-chromium oxide showing how the spins are subject to conflicting demands. In this ball-and-stick model, the green and red sticks connecting the atoms (grey and black balls) represent ferromagnetic interactions while the blue sticks represent anti-ferromagnetic interactions.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Novel state of matter: Observation of a quantum spin liquid

Scanning electron microscopy in combination with EELS electron spectroscopy permits to visualise atomic positions of the individual atoms in the heterostructure: Superconducting regions of YBaCuO are identified by yttrium (blue) and copper (pink), the ferromagnetic layers by manganese (green) and lanthanum (red). Courtesy MPI Stuttgart.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Coexistence of superconductivity and charge density waves observed

The model illustrates how the gold atoms sit under the graphene.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Progress in the application of spin effects in graphene: from the metal to ...

The nanostructured membrane has a honeycomb pattern with nanoholes of 68 nm in diameter. The nanoholes pin down the magnetic domains.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Spintronics: Resetting the future of Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording

Combining the results from radiative and non-radiative relaxation processes enabled a complete picture of the filled and unfilled energy levels to be obtained.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Ferrous chemistry in aqueous solution unravelled

NEWS

Helmholtz Innovation Labs: HySPRINT at HZB

The illustration depicts the characteristic spin orientation (arrows) of electrons in a topological insulator (below). Using an initial circular polarised laser pulse, the spins are excited and point up or down. This can be proven by a second linearly polarised laser pulse (above).

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Spintronics for future information technologies: spin currents in topologic...

NEWS

Priority programme for topological insulators begins second funding period

The illustration shows the structure of the sample: n-doped silicon layer (black), a thin silicon oxide layer (gray), an intermediate layer (yellow) and finally the protective layer (brown) to which the catalysing particles are applied. The acidic water is shown in green.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Solar fuels:a refined protective layer for the “artificial leaf”

The team could observe for the first time with RIXS how the formation of hydrogen bonds does change C=O bonds in aceton molecules.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Measuring chemistry: local fingerprint of hydrogen bonding captured in expe...

The work of Galina Gurieva, Franziska Huschmann and Alex Redinger is introduced here.

NEWS

Hint: HZB Postdoc Association introduces a Postdoc of the Month on their we...

Sketch of the structure of both metal oxide layers. Interesting new properties can arise at the interface.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Metal Oxide Sandwiches: New option to manipulate properties of interfaces...

Preisträger des Helmholtz-Doktorandenpreises 2015 mit Otmar D. Wiestler (Mitte), Präsident der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, und Stephanie Dittmer (rechts), Bereichsleiterin Strategie/ Impuls- und Vernetzungsfonds der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, auf dem Neujahrsempfang 2016. Foto: Simone M. Neumann/helmholtz

NACHRICHT

Matthias May mit dem Doktorandenpreis der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft ausgezeich...

Composite Raman intensity-distribution map on a polycrystalline CuInSe2 thin film.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Alternative method for the representation of microstructures in polycrystal...

Nanostructures of silicon shown in scanning electron microscope image. The diameter of the nanocolumns is 570 nm. By comparison, the nanocones taper from their upper diameter of 940 nm down to 360 nm at their base.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Whispering gallery modes in Silicon nanocones intensify luminescence

Sketch of the new set-up at EDDI. The high-speed camera (blue box) is on top of the sample holder.

NEWS

Filming microscopic and macroscopic changes within materials

The picture illustrates a hypothetical highway with the second path winding around the first one. Experimenters at the beamlines could then either use the dense sequence of light pulses from the primary electron path or select individual light pulses from the secondary orbital track.

NEWS

BESSY II electron highway gets second lane

Markus Kubin in front of his poster.

NEWS

Poster award to Markus Kubin

The SiO2 nanoparticles (black) have been imprinted directly on the Molybdenum substrate (purple) which corresponds to the back contact of the solar cell. On top of this structured substrate the ultrathin CIGSe layer (red) was grown at HZB, and subsequently all the other layers and contacts needed for the solar cell. Since all layers are extremely thin, even the top layer is showing deformations according to the pattern of the nanoparticles.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Scientists demonstrate how to improve ultrathin CIGSe solar cells by nanopa...

The perovskite film (black, 200-300 nm) is covered by Spiro.OMeTAD, Graphene with gold contact at one edge, a glass substrate and an amorphous/crystalline silicon solar cell.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Graphene as a front contact for silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells

HZB scientists develop new methods to investigate the electronic structure of catalytic molecules.

NEWS

Catalysis research strengthened: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin participates in n...

Sara Jäckle has demonstrated the formation of a pn-heterojunction at the interface between an organic contact and n-doped silicon. Photo

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Charge transport in hybrid silicon solar cells

Manuela Göbelt is evaluating SEM-images to calculate the local degree of networking. Photo: Björn Hoffmann.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Transparent, electrically conductive network of encapsulated silver nanowir...

The hedgehog-configuration of the spins and the Fermi-Level is shown. Illustration Thomas Splettstößer/HZB

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Spins in Graphene with a Hedgehog Texture

X-ray spectroscopies have shown a higher chlorine concentration near the perovskite/TiO2 interface than throughout the rest of the perovskite film.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Depletion and enrichment of chlorine in perovskites observed

HZB Group at the ICT/ECT2015. From left to right: Dr. Klaus Habicht (Head of the Department for Methods for Characterization of Transport Phenomena in Energy Materials), Dr. Tommy Hofmann, Dr. Katharina Fritsch, Dr. Britta Willenberg, Dr. Katrin Meier-Kirchner

NEWS

HZB presents research on thermoelectrics

Mapping of the captured magnetisation domains (right, red-blue patterns) in a sample 20 nanometres thick that had been wound in two layers into a tube. The tube has a diameter of 5 microns and a height of 50 microns.

NEWS

New technique enables magnetic patterns to be mapped in 3D

These samples with precise proportions of nickel and copper were produced via an improved preparation procedure. Photo: M. Tovar/HZB

NEWS

Crystal structure and magnetism – new insight into the fundamentals of soli...

Sunlight activates the catalytic behavior of diamond materials, thus helping to convert carbon dioxide into fine chemicals and fuels.

NEWS

Green solutions with diamond materials:

The illustration shows how maleimide compounds bind to the graphene surface. The graphene monolayer lies on a thin film of silicon nitride (red) that in turn is on a quartz microbalance (blue) and can be subjected to a potential via a gold contact (yellow).Illustration: Marc Gluba/HZB

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Towards graphene biosensors

To obtain the 3D structure of the battery electrode on a micormeter scale, snchrotron tomography at BESSY II was used.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Realistic computer model of battery electrodes

At the MRS Spring Meeting in San Francisco, Kai Neldner was awarded for his poster contribution.

NEWS

Poster award for MatSEC PhD student at the MRS Spring Meeting

Ah Reum Jeong has completed her PhD in physics at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, Korea. She now works as a postdoc in the Hybrid Material Systems & Nano-Analytics team of Dr. Marin Rusu.

NEWS

Poster Award for HZB-Postdoc at EMRS Spring Meeting

NEWS

Joint Lab BeJEL receives 1.4 million EUR grant

A thin magnetic FeRh film is grown onto a ferroelastic BTO substrate with two different crystal domains a and c. At 0 Volt ferromagnetic domains (red-blue pattern) are observed above BTO a-domains, whereas above c-domains the net magnetization is zero. At 50 Volt all BTO domains are converted into c-domains, which switches off ferromagnetic domains in FeRh.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

New options for spintronic devices: Switching between 1 and 0 with low volt...

A short filmclip demonstrates the production of the photocathode with ILGAR method.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Artificial photosynthesis: New, stable photocathode with great potential

Illustration of the working principle of inkjet printing.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Inkjet printing process for Kesterite solar cells

Ultra-high vacuum system in the Energy Materials In-Situ Lab (EMIL) that will combine industry-relevant deposition tools with a suite of complementary advanced characterization methods.

NEWS

EU funding strengthens solar cell research at HZB

The scanning electron microscopies (SEM) show how regularly the funnels etched in a silicon substrate are arranged (left: the line segment = 5 microns; right: 1 micron). The funnels measure about 800 nanometres in diameter above and run down to about a hundred nanometres at the tip.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Learning by eye: silicon micro-funnels increase the efficiency of solar cel...

Dichromium: both chromium atoms "share" the 12 valence electrons which leads to a multible bond.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Stretch and relax! – Losing one electron switches magnetism on in dichromiu...

This illustrates a moment captured for the first time in experiments at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The CO-molecule and oxygen-atoms are attached to the surface of a ruthenium catalyst. When hit with an optical laser pulse, the reactants vibrate and bump into each other and the carbon atom forms a transitional bond with the lone oxygen center. The resulting CO2 detaches and floats away.

SCIENCE HIGHLIGHT

Details of a crucial reaction: Physicists uncover oxidation process of carb...

A general view of the VEKMAG end-station. The vector magnet chamber (grey) is supported by a hexapod frame. Below the magnet one can distinguish the detector chamber (green) and in the forward direction the deposition chamber (dark grey) is displayed. The beam quality is monitored by a diagnostic chamber (yellow) positioned in front of the magnet chamber.

NEWS

“VEKMAG” at BESSY II creates 3D magnetic fields in samples