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  Baran, S.; Kaczorowski, D.; Szytula, A.; Gil, A.; Hoser, A.: Magnetic structures and physical properties of Tm₃Cu₄Ge₄ and Tm₃Cu₄Sn₄. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 25 (2013), p. 066012/1-9

10.1088/0953-8984/25/6/066012

Abstract:
Tm3Cu4Ge4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Gd3Cu4Ge4-type crystal structure (space group Immm) whereas Tm3Cu4Sn4 crystallizes in a distorted variant of this structure (monoclinic space group C2/m). The compounds were studied by means of neutron diffraction, specific heat, electrical resistivity and magnetic measurements. Analysis of experimental data revealed the presence of an antiferromagnetic order below 2.8 K in both compounds. In Tm3Cu4Ge4 the magnetic unit cell is doubled in respect to the crystal unit cell and the magnetic structure can be described by a propagation vector (k) over right arrow = [0, 1/2, 0]. A larger magnetic unit cell was found in Tm3Cu4Sn4, given by a propagation vector (k) over right arrow = [1/2, 1/2, 0] (for simplicity the orthorhombic description is used for both the germanide and the stannide). Close to 2 K, in each compound an incommensurate antiferromagnetic order develops. This low-temperature magnetic phase is characterized by a propagation vector (k) over right arrow = [1/4, 0, k(z)], where k(z) is close to 0.49 and 0.47 in Tm3Cu4Ge4 and Tm3Cu4Sn4, respectively. The antiferromagnetic phase transitions are clearly seen in the bulk magnetic and specific heat data of both compounds.