• Dimer, M.; Cruz, A.; Wang, E.C.; Morales-Vilches, A.B.; Löhnert, J.; Graupner, U.; Thumsch, M.; Stannowski, B.; Schneiderlöchner, E.: High Mobility Transparent Conductive Oxides for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Deposited by Rotatable Magnetrons. In: EU PVSEC 2018, 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition : 24-28 September 2018, SQUARE - Brussels Meeting Centre, Brussels, BelgiumEUPVSEC, 2018. - ISBN 3-936338-50-7, p. 456-459

10.4229/35thEUPVSEC20182018-2DO.2.4

Abstract:
Sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) is a widespread used material for application as transparent conducting oxide as the front contact of rear-junction silicon heterojunction solar cells. Standard ITO films suffer from too high parasitic absorption in both the short- and the long-wavelength range. The aim of this contribution is to investigate lower absorbing TCOs deposited with industrial DC sputtering from rotatable targets. High Voc values >735 mV demonstrate that in spite of the high-power industrial DC sputter process no significant sputter damage is observed, independent of the target material. Cell efficiencies up to 23.3% are obtained with titanium-doped (ITiO) and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO 99/1). The highest short circuit current values of 39.6 mA/cm2 are reached with an ultimately low-carrier and high-mobility indium-oxide-based material. The cell efficiency in this case, however, is over-compensated by a too low FF, mostly due to a higher contact resistivity and TCO sheet resistances. We ascribe this effect to the very low carrier concentration.