Fast and flexible solar energy from the printer
Printable organic solar modules are being investigated in the "solar factory of the future" at HI ERN. © Kurt Fuchs/EnCN
New concepts for agri photovoltaics are being tested in the living laboratory for Agri Food-Energy-Park at Forschungszentrum Jülich. © Christina Kuchendorf/Forschungszentrum Jülich
Façade-integrated photovoltaics at the living laboratory for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) at the HZB in Berlin-Adlershof. Here, new concepts for BIPV can be evaluated under scientific supervision. © Niklas Albinius/HZB
Lighter, more flexible and adaptable – the innovation platform Solar TAP develops innovative solutions for photovoltaic applications. The aim is to make surfaces already used in agriculture, the building sector and transport additionally usable for the expansion of solar energy with printed solar cells.
Renewable energies are essential for the success of the energy transition and the desired independence from the import of fossil fuels. Their expansion must therefore be driven forward swiftly and massively. Photovoltaics (PV) - energy from the sun - is an important pillar in this respect. Of all renewable energies, PV has the lowest environmental footprint, i.e. it generates significantly more energy than is needed for its production.
Even though we need to add around 330 Gigawatt in Germany by 2040, this expansion does not automatically mean building new large-scale solar parks: thanks to flexible and efficient PV systems that utilize surfaces in agriculture or in the building sector to generate additional electricity from the sun. The potential for this is great: agricultural land in Germany offers the technical possibility to contribute up to 3 Terawatt (short for terawatt peak) to electricity generation. Solar cells integrated into existing facades could generate up to 1 Terawatt of solar power - for example, to supply electric cars with decentralized and mobile electricity in the future. But so far, just less than 0.1 percent of facade surfaces are used for PV.
Multiple benefits: New potentials for the expansion of solar energy
Photovoltaics require surface area to produce electricity. In addition, PV can not "only" generate green energy, but can also offer further advantages in certain applications and thus generate multiple benefits for the respective application. Solar cells based on printed innovative PV technologies are particularly suitable for this "multi-benefit PV". They are easily moldable, lightweight and flexible, and can be customized in terms of color and transparency.
The modules can also be designed in many different shapes and designs - depending on the application requirements. The cells can be applied to materials such as plastic, glass or metal, giving them additional functionality. This creates new potential for the expansion of PV in agriculture or the building sector, for example, but could also open up new opportunities in the transportation sector. Solar energy thus becomes usable in many places and can be integrated into existing structures.
From the lab to the application: Innovative partner network drives development
In the recently launched innovation platform Solar TAP ("Solar Technology Acceleration Platform for emerging Photovoltaics"), the technologies for these new multi-benefit PV applications are to be developed together with industrial partners. The Forschungszentrum Jülich, the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology want to make the results quickly and easily accessible to industry, society and end users via the platform.
Coordinated by the Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), a branch of Forschungszentrum Jülich, the three research institutions form a closed value chain involving world-leading laboratories and experts from the Helmholtz Association.
In order to rapidly develop these new PV solutions to market maturity, Solar TAP is an open offer to industry: At the core is the technology transfer to a strong network of companies such as material suppliers, device manufacturers, producers and users who want to establish themselves in the field of multi-benefit PV. A joint roadmap forms the framework for the exchange between science and industry and is intended to ensure that the developments have a real-world relevance. The network is supported by application laboratories in which these new technologies are not only developed but also demonstrated.
Interview: Printable Solar Cells for Flexible Solar Energy
In their interview, Prof. Christoph Brabec and Dr. Jens Hauch (both HI ERN) as well as Prof. Eva Unger from Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) and Prof. Ulrich Lemmer from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) explain how far the technology has come and which applications they have in mind.
Project background
Solar TAP is one of three new innovation platforms funded by the Helmholtz Association with a total of 40 million euros from the Pact for Research and Innovation. The aim is to create new structures and opportunities for technology transfer and the joint use of large-scale equipment, research infrastructures and data.
The funding for the Solar TAP innovation platform amounts to 15.1 million euros for the 3-year set-up phase which is funded starting in March 2023. In close cooperation with strong partners from industry and society, the platform will strengthen transfer and innovation in the Helmholtz Association and initiate long-term applied solutions.
- Iridium-free catalysts for acid water electrolysis investigatedHydrogen will play an important role, both as a fuel and as a raw material for industry. However, in order to produce relevant quantities of hydrogen, water electrolysis must become feasible on a multi-gigawatt scale. One bottleneck is the catalysts required, with iridium in particular being an extremely rare element. An international collaboration has therefore investigated iridium-free catalysts for acidic water electrolysis based on the element cobalt. Through investigations with various methods, among them experiments at the LiXEdrom at the BESSY II X-ray source in Berlin, they were able to elucidate processes that take place during water electrolysis in a cobalt-iron-lead oxide material as the anode. The study is published in Nature Energy.
- Lithium-sulphur batteries with lean electrolyte: problem areas clarifiedUsing a non-destructive method, a team at HZB investigated practical lithium-sulphur pouch cells with lean electrolyte for the first time. With operando neutron tomography, they could visualise in real-time how the liquid electrolyte distributes and wets the electrodes across multilayers during charging and discharging. These findings offer valuable insights into the cell failure mechanisms and are helpful to design compact Li-S batteries with a high energy density in formats relevant to industrial applications.
- Self assembling monolayer can improve lead-free perovskite solar cells tooTin perovskite solar cells are not only non-toxic, but also potentially more stable than lead-containing perovskite solar cells. However, they are also significantly less efficient. Now, an international team has succeeded in reducing losses in the lower contact layer of tin perovskite solar cells: The scienstists identified chemical compounds that self-assemble into a molecular layer that fits very well with the lattice structure of tin perovskites. On this monolayer, tin perovskite with excellent optoelectronic quality can be grown, which increases the performance of the solar cell.