Yuan, C.; Wang, J.; Yang, Y.; Ma, X.; Zhao, Z.; Sun, M.; Xu, H.; Pan, Y.; Hu, J.; Mao, K.; Li, Y.; Ding, H.; Luo, D.; Yang, Y.; Zhu, J.; Abate, A.; Xu, J.; Lu, Z.; Meng, X.; Jen, A.K.Y.; Hu, Q.: Regulated Crystallization Through Intermolecular Interactions Bridging for Efficient Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 21 (2025), p. 2408302/1-9
10.1002/smll.202408302
Abstract:
Tin halide perovskite (THP) has emerged as a promising lead-free material for high-performance solar cells, attracting significant attention for their potential use for energy conversion. However, the rapid crystallization of THP due to its high Lewis acidity and easy oxidation of Sn2+ leads to poor morphology and rampant defects in the resulting perovskite films. These strongly hamper the advances in efficiency and stability in THP solar cells. Herein, a comprehensive crystallization regulation strategy is demonstrated by introducing methyl carbazate (C2H6N2O2, MeC) to regulate the crystallization kinetics of perovskite through inter-molecular interactions. The coordination bonds (O…Sn) and hydrogen bonds (N─H…O) between MeC and perovskite bridge the perovskite lattice together, helping suppress the oxidation of Sn2+, meanwhile, restraining the fast crystallization of perovskite in the precursor solution, by enhancing nucleation sites. More importantly, the connection by MeC can reduce the deep-level trap state defect density, significantly restraining non-radiative recombination and improving the carrier lifetime. Consequently, this facile strategy offers valuable insights into THP crystallization kinetics and allows an enhanced high power conversion efficiency from 10.43% to 14.02% to be achieved with good stability.