ERC Synergy grant with HZB participation
Computer scientist Andreas Maier, materials researcher Silke Christiansen and medical expert Georg Schett have been awarded with an ERC Synergy Grant. © FAU
Novel X-ray microscope to produce microstructural images in situ and in vivo
An interdisciplinary team of scientists will develop a new imaging method to investigate osteoporosis and other bone diseases in living subjects. Prof. Silke Christiansen, a scientist at HZB and physics professor at Freie Universität Berlin, will contribute her expertise in correlative microscopy and nanotechnology. The 4-D+ nanoSCOPE project has now been selected by the European Research Council for an ERC Synergy Grant and will be funded for 72 months by up to 12.3 million euros.
The number of elderly and very old people is increasing world-wide, and therefore also the number of patients suffering from osteoporosis. This disease considerably impairs quality of life and results in high social expenditures. Nevertheless, the origin and course of osteoporosis are still not sufficiently understood. This is because methods for in-depth analysis of the evolution over time of the bone microstructure on living individuals are not yet available, especially methods that would also allow larger matrix studies having statistical significance. Now an interdisciplinary research team hopes to change this situation.
Professors Georg Schett (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen university hospital), Andreas Maier (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU) and Silke Christiansen (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie HZB and Freie Universität Berlin) plan to make X-ray microscopy of living organisms feasible for the first time. They plan to develop a unique fast-scanning, low-dose X-ray microscope, named the "4D+ nanoSCOPE", by modifying the hardware and software of an XRM Versa 520 in close cooperation with Carl Zeiss Microscopy. In particular, this will involve integration of a novel high-performance X-ray source and an ultra-fast read-out detector. Data evaluation will also benefit from application of the latest machine learning methods, referred to as Precision Learning.
For the first time, the 4-D nanoscope will make it possible to monitor the micro- and nanostructure of bones in living individuals over time and thus understand the process of bone remodelling. This makes it possible to assess the effects of aging, hormone state, inflammatory processes, medications, and other approaches for treatment of the bone.
“We congratulate Silke Christiansen and her colleagues on this very prestigious and truly synergistic grant. The new microscope will initially be used in medical research, but we look forward to applying its unique capabilities in energy research as well”, says Prof. Bernd Rech, Scientific Director of the HZB. The method also makes in situ studies of dynamic processes in natural and synthetic materials feasible, for example the observation and recording of corrosion processes and microfracturing.
The HZB has considerable expertise in the field of X-ray studies and electron microscopy, and has set up a modern joint equipment facility (CoreLabs) that is primarily used for research on thin-film solar cells, solar fuels, and other energy materials. The HZB CoreLabs and the HZB state-of-the-art Zeiss Labs@Location X-ray microscopes complement the BESSY II synchrotron at HZB.
Project name: 4-D+ nanoSCOPE – Advancing osteoporosis medicine by observing bone microstructure and remodelling using a four-dimensional nanoscope.
- Battery research: visualisation of aging processes operandoLithium button cells with electrodes made of nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides (NMC) are very powerful. Unfortunately, their capacity decreases over time. Now, for the first time, a team has used a non-destructive method to observe how the elemental composition of the individual layers in a button cell changes during charging cycles. The study, now published in the journal Small, involved teams from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the University of Münster, researchers from the SyncLab research group at HZB and the BLiX laboratory at the Technical University of Berlin. Measurements were carried out in the BLiX laboratory and at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source.
- Green hydrogen: A cage structured material transforms into a performant catalystClathrates are characterised by a complex cage structure that provides space for guest ions too. Now, for the first time, a team has investigated the suitability of clathrates as catalysts for electrolytic hydrogen production with impressive results: the clathrate sample was even more efficient and robust than currently used nickel-based catalysts. They also found a reason for this enhanced performance. Measurements at BESSY II showed that the clathrates undergo structural changes during the catalytic reaction: the three-dimensional cage structure decays into ultra-thin nanosheets that allow maximum contact with active catalytic centres. The study has been published in the journal ‘Angewandte Chemie’.
- Solar cells on moon glass for a future base on the moonFuture settlements on the moon will need energy, which could be supplied by photovoltaics. However, launching material into space is expensive – transporting one kilogram to the moon costs one million euros. But there are also resources on the moon that can be used. A research team led by Dr. Felix Lang of the University of Potsdam and Dr. Stefan Linke of the Technical University of Berlin have now produced the required glass from ‘moon dust’ (regolith) and coated it with perovskite. This could save up to 99 percent of the weight needed to produce PV modules on the moon. The team tested the radiation tolerance of the solar cells at the proton accelerator of the HZB.