Härk, E.; Petzold, A.; Goerigk, G.; Risse, S.; Tallo, I.; Härmas, R.; Lust, E.; Ballauff, M.: Carbide derived carbons investigated by small angle X-ray scattering: Inner surface and porosity vs. graphitization. Carbon 146 (2019), p. 284-292
10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.076
Abstract:
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the nanostructure of Mo2C derived carbon powders (CDC) synthesized at five different chlorination temperatures. The SAXS-intensities have two contributions: i) a fluctuation contribution from small partially graphitized areas that gives quantitative information about the extent of graphitization, and ii) the scattering from the pores. The fluctuation contribution that scales with q_2 was quantified in term of a length parameter lR and a disorder parameter that can directly be correlated with the increasing graphitization with increasing temperature. The specific inner surface area of the CDC together with the volume fraction f of the pores increases with the chlorination temperature until 900 _C, followed by the significant decrease of both parameters at 1000 _C. Further analysis led to the conclusion that CDC obtained at 600 and 700 _C are ultramicroporous systems with slit pores having an average size of the order of 0.6 nm. CDC obtained at a high chlorination temperature have pores with sizes between 1 and 3 nm that are of the same size as the walls between the pores. A first comparison demonstrates that the stored energy Emax is directly proportional to the anisometry of the pores embodied in the ratio lc=lp obtained by SAXS