BElChem-PGM station
BElChem-PGM station
The scientific aim at the BElChem-PGM station is to study the electronic surface/near surface structure of functional materials in the presence of a reactive environment. This includes both gas/solid interfaces (e.g. heterogeneous catalysis) and liquid/solid interfaces (e.g. catalytic water splitting).
Selected Applications:- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under high vacuum (p=10^(-8) mbar) and near ambient pressure conditions (maximum 20mbar, typically 1 mbar)
- X-ray aborption spectroscopy (XAS) at pressure up to 20 mbar with NAP-HE-XPS endstation
- log-in methodology applying the beamline chopper to modulate the incoming X-ray induced signal
Methods
XPS, EXAFS, NEXAFS, Time-resolved absorption, Mass Spectrometry
Remote access
depends on experiment - please discuss with Instrument Scientist
| Beamline data | |
|---|---|
| Energy range | 100 - 2000 eV |
| Energy resolution | 70meV at 400eV photon energy (20μm exit slit) |
| Flux | 3.00 1013 mbar photons/s@300mA (600l/mm, 80μm) |
| Polarisation | horizontal |
| Focus size (hor. x vert.) | 120 µm X 40 µm (exit slit dependent) |
| Phone | +49 30 8062 14842 |
| More details | BElChem-PGM |
| Station data | |
| AP-XPS | |
| Temperature range | room temperature up to 1000 K |
| Pressure range | Maximum pressure: 20 mbar Minimum pressure: 10-8 mbar Typical pressure: 1 mbar For more details contact the instrument scientist. |
| Detector | 1D delay line detector (1D DLD) (SURFACE CONCEPT, Mainz) |
| Manipulators | various, exchangeable for optimised sample environments |
| Sample holder compatibility | Homemade concept. For details contact the instrument scientist. |
| Additional equipment | PRISMA 200 mass spectrometer, FISHER SCIENTIFIC TRACE 1310 gas chromatograph, process gas pumping line, electrolyte dosing module with perestaltic pump |
Obviously, the understanding of the interaction of a catalyst surface with the reactants plays a key role in a detailed description of catalytic processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a well-established powerful tool to study in detail the outermost surface of solids but it was traditionally restricted to high vacuum and low pressure conditions. However, recently a methodology based on a differentially pumped electrostatic lens system has gained much interest and opened possibility to study catalytic processes in more diverse environments.
The Berlin Joint Lab for Electrochemical Interfaces (BElChem) is located at the BESSY II synchrotron in Berlin, Germany, and co-run by the Fritz-Haber-Institut (FHI), the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI-CEC) and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. BElChem focuses on providing a molecular-level description of (photo)electrochemical interfaces that are of high relevance for solar fuel production and renewable energy storage.
The BElChem facility consists of two beamlines with two endstations in two separate hutches and an additional sample preparation/chemical lab. BElChem-PGM (plane grating monochromator) covers the soft X-ray energy range, whereas BElChem-DCM (a dipole magnet sourced beamline) with a double crystal monochromator (DCM) covers the tender X-ray energy range.
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