SoLiAs@PM3
Solid Liquid Analysis System /PM3
The Surface Science Laboratory at Technical University of Darmstadt operates a dedicated UHV system for photoemission spectroscopy (PES) experiments with synchrotron radiation as excitation at the Berlin synchrotron facility (BESSY II). The so called SOLIAS system (solid liquid analysis system - Figure 1) is especially designed for the investigation of the solid-liquid interface and offers the possibility to deposit volatile materials on surfaces of interest and freeze them (LN2) to perform photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) or low energy electron diffraction (LEED) analysis. A dedicated electrochemical cell connected via a buffer chamber allows for electrochemical treatment of samples under an inert atmosphere (Figure 2).
At the PM3 dipole beamline the energy range of 20 – 2000 eV with high photon flux, high energy resolution and high stability and circular polarization is available.
Selected Applications:- Investigation of solids (amorphous, crystalline), especially semiconductor and metals
- Studying the interface and surface reactions after wet-chemical treatment in valence and core level regions
- Varying the information depth by tuning the excitation energy
- Measurement of the electronic properties of the surface (e.g. band line-up, valence band maximum, work function)
- Electrochemistry in combination with PES, NEXAFS and LEED
Methods
Remote access
not possible
| Instrument data | |
|---|---|
| Phone (~49 30 8062-) | 13429 |
| Beam availability | 24h/d |
| Source | D111 (Dipole) |
| Monochromator | PM3 |
| Energy range (at experiment) | tbd |
| Energy resolution | 32000 at 64 eV |
| Flux | 1e9 - 1e10 |
| Polarisation | • horizontal • circular |
| Focus size (hor. x vert.) | 180 µm hor., vert. depends on exit slit |
| Temperature range | 90 - 1000 K |
| Pressure range | Low 10-10 mbar up to 10-7 mbar in analysis chamber |
| Detector | SPECS Phoibos 150 with DLD Detector (energy range 15-3000 eV) SPECS ErLEED (three grids) |
| Manipulators | Manufacturer: Vab Δz=600 mm (motorized) Δx=50 mm, Δy=50 mm (manually) rotation ΔΦ=360° (manually) azimuth Δϑ=180° (manually) |
| Sample holder compatibility | Omicron Flag style sample holder (15 x 18 mm²)
sample size up to 10 x 10 mm² |
| Additional equipment | • Temperature control of sample: 90 – 1000 K
• SPECS Ar-sputter gun • Electrochemistry cell: Ar or N2 purged glass vessel attached to the SOLIAS via buffer chamber for in-situ investigations |
| Additional information | Details beamline PM3 |
To keep a high degree of flexibility, it is mounted on a moveable frame to allow the attachment to various beamlines (Figure 3).
At the moment the SOLIAS system is mainly used for fundamental research on Li-batteries, electrocatalysts, semiconductors for water splitting and absorber materials for thin film photovoltaics.