CAT
CAT@EMIL
The scientific aim at CAT@EMIL is to study the electronic surface/near surface structure of functional materials in the presence of a reactive environment. This includes both gas/solid interfaces (e.g. heterogeneous catalysis) and liquid/solid interfaces (e.g. catalytic water splitting).
Selected Applications:- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under high vacuum (p=10-10 Pa) and ambient pressure conditions (typically p=100 Pa)
- X-ray aborption spectroscopy (XAS) at pressure up to 1kPa (up to 1MPa with reaction cell) in NAP-HE-XPS endstation.
Methods
HAXPES, NAP-XPS, XPS, EXAFS, NEXAFS, Time-resolved absorption, Mass Spectrometry
Remote access
depends on experiment - please discuss with Instrument Scientist
| Station data | |
|---|---|
| AP-HE-XPS | |
| Temperature range | 25 - 800 °C |
| Pressure range | 10-8 - 20 mbar; typically 1 mbar |
| Detector | 2D CMOS detector (SPECS) |
| Manipulators | various, exchangeable for optimised sample environments |
| Sample holder compatibility | Homemade concept. For details contact the station manager. |
| Additional equipment | gas analytics
• electron impact mass spectrometer (differentially pumped) • proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) • TRACE 1310 gas chromatograph |
| operated by | CE-GKAT / MPI for Chemical Energy Conversion and Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG |
| Applicable at beamline(s) | |
| CPMU17_EMIL | |
| UE48_EMIL | 80 eV to 2000 eV |
Ambient pressure - High Energy XPS (AP-HE-XPS)
The scientific aim at CAT@EMIL is to study the electronic surface/near surface structure of functional materials in the presence of a reactive environment. This includes both gas/solid interfaces (e.g. heterogeneous catalysis) and liquid/solid interfaces (e.g. catalytic water splitting).
Obviously, the understanding of the interaction of a catalyst surface with the reactants plays a key role in a detailed description of catalytic processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a well-established powerful tool to study in detail the outermost surface of solids but it was traditionally restricted to high vacuum and low pressure conditions. However, recently a methodology based on a differentially pumped electrostatic lens system has gained much interest. Such an instrument is operated by the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI-CEC) and the Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG (FHI-MPG) at HZB/BESSY II at the ISISS beamline in the low photon energy range. A further developed set-up is installed at CAT@EMIL. The feasibility to investigate buried layers is added by the extension of the kinetic energy range of photo-electrons to up to 7000eV. A very flexible, modular sample environment has been developed that allows to apply AP-XPS to a huge variety of problems.
A sketch of the main components of the AP-HE-XPS instrument and a photo of the complete set-up (courtesy of SPECS GmbH, Berlin) is shown as Fig. 1.
Variable pressure soft X-ray absorption (vP-XAS)
A variable pressure soft X-ray absorption cell has been constructed by FHI that works in the conversion electron yield detection and total fluorescence yield mode. This reaction cell allows to measure surface sensitive X-ray absorption spectra in a pressure range between 102 - 105 Pa, i.e. up to atmospheric pressure at temperatures up to 400ºC. This low volume reaction cell makes it feasible to study heterogeneous catalytic reactions in a broad pressure range and hence allows to link results obtained with AP-XPS and measurments obtained in a catalytic reactor.
A photo of the main components of the reaction cell is shown in Fig. 2.