HZB uses electricity-producing facade wall as real laboratory
Opened! Bernd Rech (l.) and Christian Rickerts (r.) pressed the symbolic red button to start the Real Lab in Adlershof on 6 September. © HZB / M. Setzpfandt
Many guests came to the opening and inspected the visually appealing solar facade of the new building.
The guest of our podium discussion
The architects of the BAIP consulting offcie provide information on the diverse use of building-integrated photovoltaics.
In the shine of the sun: The new research building with the solar facade.
In the presence of the State Secretary for Economic Affairs, Energy and Operations of the State of Berlin, Christian Rickerts, the HZB officially commissioned the solar façade of a new research building on 6 September 2021. What makes it so special is that the elegant façade not only generates up to 50 kilowatts of electricity (peak power). It also provides important insights into the behaviour of the solar modules under different weather conditions.
Solar energy is considered one of the most promising renewable energies. More and more houses have a photovoltaics on the roof and large open-space systems are increasingly being seen. But solar modules can also be integrated in more diverse ways, for example in building facades. Through the solar activation of the entire building envelope, photovoltaics becomes a building element and turns buildings into electricity generators. Moreover, the solar modules can also be integrated in a visually appealing way. For two years now, the HZB-based consulting office for building-integrated Photovoltaics (BAIP) has been providing advice on precisely this topic.
Now the HZB itself is doing the practical test. "For the first time, a complete building with a facade-integrated photovoltaic system is being operated as a real laboratory. The extensive measurement technology enables new insights into the real behaviour of solar modules in a facade in different seasons and weather conditions, over a long period of time," says Dr. Björn Rau, who heads the BAIP office at HZB.
The most important in brief:
- the real lab consists of 360 CIGS thin-film solar modules installed on three facades (west, south and north sides)
- Power per module: approx. 135 watts (peak power of the entire facade: just under 50 kilowatts)
- additional sensor technology (including 72 temperature, 10 irradiation and 4 wind sensors) installed
- serves for long-term investigation of PV yields as a function of environmental factors (pollution), weather conditions (sun, wind, reflection) and compass directions, etc.
- Comparison between real data and simulation values of yield forecasts
A special feature is the concealed suspension. It enables a frameless design without additional edging at the edge of the module. This makes it possible to combine the modules ideally with the metal curtain wall of the building. Björn Rau emphasises: "We also deliberately placed value on the design integration of the modules into the building envelope and, with CIGS technology, selected the material system about which there is a very great deal of expertise at HZB." Many research groups at HZB work with CIGS thin films, from materials research to the development of building elements.
The research building: what happens inside
The facade serves as a real laboratory for photovoltaics research, but something completely different happens inside the building: here, researchers develop and build worldwide unique components for BESSY II and other synchrotrons. The building houses a clean room, various laboratories and assembly stations for HZB's internationally renowned accelerator research.
- Green hydrogen: A cage structured material transforms into a performant catalystClathrates are characterised by a complex cage structure that provides space for guest ions too. Now, for the first time, a team has investigated the suitability of clathrates as catalysts for electrolytic hydrogen production with impressive results: the clathrate sample was even more efficient and robust than currently used nickel-based catalysts. They also found a reason for this enhanced performance. Measurements at BESSY II showed that the clathrates undergo structural changes during the catalytic reaction: the three-dimensional cage structure decays into ultra-thin nanosheets that allow maximum contact with active catalytic centres. The study has been published in the journal ‘Angewandte Chemie’.
- An elegant method for the detection of single spins using photovoltageDiamonds with certain optically active defects can be used as highly sensitive sensors or qubits for quantum computers, where the quantum information is stored in the electron spin state of these colour centres. However, the spin states have to be read out optically, which is often experimentally complex. Now, a team at HZB has developed an elegant method using a photo voltage to detect the individual and local spin states of these defects. This could lead to a much more compact design of quantum sensors.
- Solar cells on moon glass for a future base on the moonFuture settlements on the moon will need energy, which could be supplied by photovoltaics. However, launching material into space is expensive – transporting one kilogram to the moon costs one million euros. But there are also resources on the moon that can be used. A research team led by Dr. Felix Lang of the University of Potsdam and Dr. Stefan Linke of the Technical University of Berlin have now produced the required glass from ‘moon dust’ (regolith) and coated it with perovskite. This could save up to 99 percent of the weight needed to produce PV modules on the moon. The team tested the radiation tolerance of the solar cells at the proton accelerator of the HZB.